1) state 3 differences between an Espalier and Cordon fruit tree.
1. Cordons (below) have one or more stems (typically one to three) with many fruiting spurs. An espalier has a central stem with tiers of horizontal, fruiting arms. (Typically 3 tiers.)
2. Cordons are usually trained angled to 45 degrees (oblique cordon). The main stem of an espalier is grown vertically.
3. Cordons are trained against a wall, fence or on wires between free-standing posts. Espaliers are typically grown on a training system of horizontal wires against a wall or fence.
4. Espalier are more ornamental than cordons, but require more space and maintenance.
You have not clarified three significant differences . Are both cordons and espaliers trained against wall, wire or fence?
If so , are there two differences?
Espaliers have only one stem whereas cordons have one to three stems.
Cordon stems are usually grown obliquely but the one espalier stem is always vertical.
Regards
David